Great Gatsby, Animal farm or When I Whistle Essay - 1

Incredible Gatsby, Animal homestead or When I Whistle - Essay Example Utilizing Nicks recognitions, the essayist recommends the contortion and disloyalty of that fantasy. Gatsby seeks after riches and assets so as to understand his fantasy about recovering a lost love, a minor deception. The extravagant society wherein they exist looks down on standard individuals in the Valley of Ashes (image of earth and neediness). The foe, Tom Buchanan shows us, by how he lives, that he has defiled the fantasy, decimated its uprightness, has changed and solidified, Both Orwell and Fitzgerald have incorporated a political viewpoint, of their separate social orders; Animal Farm reflecting how Communism pulverized the communist dream, Gatsby, how the well off have twisted the unadulterated perfect of Capitalism. Utilizing the words, contemplations and activities of their characters, they present their perspectives, with emotional impacts both on the tales and their perusers. The activity drives forward to unpleasant endings in the two occurrences. While time and spot are significant, the issues of underhandedness, misfortune, catastrophe and defilement rise above - they can happen whenever, anyplace. The two stories speak to telling social and good remark on how influence and riches can devastate societys In Animal Farm, the essayist describes, outside of the activity, an evidently fair spectator. In spite of the creatures talking like people, his lucidity of language makes this adequate. At the point when Old Major dreams, at that point shows the creatures Beasts of England, requesting that they look for opportunity, to revolt, the seed is planted for heroes and peruser, flagging what's to come. Orwell delineates the fantasies disintegration, presenting detestable, utilizing Napoleons opposing handle of intensity, indicating different creatures, the mutts, as instruments used to oust Snowball. Squealer and Napoleon are the gadgets by which the essayist shows how force can degenerate, how creatures/individuals can be hoodwinked. Fighter the pony exhibits this, pronouncing Napoleon is in every case right, in spite of killings and disciplines distributed, purportedly for supporting Snowball, who is likewise accused when

Order of Importance in Goulds Nonmoral Nature :: Nonmoral Nature

Request of Importance in Gould's Nonmoral Natureâ â Numerous things can be placed into request. Time, individuals, and occasions would all be able to be put in a coherent request. How things are placed into request can extraordinarily influence the effect that they have. In Gould's Nonmoral Nature, the request where he presents the various perspectives is significant. He utilizes researchers who have been prevailing in their calling yet that are not usually known in the begining and center of his composition. In any case, to finish off his work, he utilizes the unmistakable researcher Darwin to leave an enduring impact on the peruser. Gould's utilization of request significantly influences the way that individuals see his work. Â â â Gould's structure effectsly affects the peruser. To start with, by placing Darwin last, he permits the peruser to get to know the thoughts of some incredible personalities whom the peruser might not have been presented to previously. The peruser would then be able to consider these thoughts that have ben introduced to them and contrast them and their own musings and thoughts. Darwin is known for his hypotheses, thusly individuals are increasingly well-suited to absorb their plans to his. If Gould somehow happened to put Darwin's perspective first, the peruser might be less inclined to concur with a portion of different thoughts that are introduced in Nonmoral Nature. By placing Darwin last, Gould permitted the peruser to frame their own sentiment and afterward contrast this with Darwin's thoughts in the finish of the story. Â â â The second impact of Gould's utilization of request is that the peruser, having perused Darwin last, might be progressively disposed to accept the other proof that in introduced in the story. Darwin is a man who is notable and held in high regard for his examinations. With these credits to his name, Darwin leaves an enduring effect on the peruser. After the peruser has shaped their own contemplations and thoughts on the matter of Nonmoral Nature, they are allowed to Darwin's thoughts to help their own idea.

Professional Development Opportunities During Summer Break

Professional Development Opportunities During Summer Break TeacherVision Advisory Board Member and veteran teacher, Jessica, shares her tips for how to find professional development opportunities, and how to get the most out of them. by Jessica Peresta As teachers, we're always looking for new ways to grow and learn. Summer is the perfect time to take a break from teaching and to find opportunities for professional development. Maybe you're wanting to find new ideas for next school year or are wondering what professional development you should take. Maybe you're trying to find motivation to take professional development. After a busy school year, you're exhausted and just want to relax. So, do that first and give yourself a much needed break. As you schedule your professional development this summer, don’t forget to leave in time to recharge your batteries before the new school year comes. If you’re wondering how to get the most out of professional development over the summer, this blog post will share some ideas that should help.   Attend PD Workshops No matter where you live, there are excellent workshops provided somewhere nearby. Look for opportunities for teacher professional development in your own school, district, city, state, or even nearby states. There are so many excellent workshops available that teach about many different education topics. To get started, turn to Google or ask other teachers you know from your own school or neighboring schools about available opportunities. You might be a part of education Facebook groups, memberships, societies, or newsletters that keep you updated about upcoming opportunities. Great places to look for teacher workshops are colleges or universities, school districts that offer trainings or bring in guest experts at different schools, and local and national education association workshops. There really are so many great professional development  opportunities and classes available out there. Just do a little research or ask around, and you'll find them. You can even get started with s omething like PBS.org's teacher PD site. Go with a buddy Doing professional development by yourself is totally fine, but there are so many benefits when you use the buddy system (just like you tell your students to do.) When you go with someone on your teaching team or a friend you can bounce ideas off of, you’ll not only learn but will be able to discuss and debrief what you learned. Another benefit of going with a buddy is that you’ll get to be with a friend. It’s summer time (duh) and although you’ve seen your coworkers all school year long, you will actually miss them over the summer months. During a workshop or training, you can go to lunch together, discuss other professional development opportunities, or collaborate about what you’re planning to do in the upcoming school year. Make a list of what PD you need There are truly so many fantastic professional development opportunities available. It would honestly be impossible to attend them all. So, what can you do? You can make a list of what PD you need right now to help you where you’re at. If you’re struggling with assessment and evaluation, find PD opportunities about that. If you’re needing help with classroom management, there are trainings just about this. The thing is, what you need this summer isn’t the same as what you’ll need next summer, so you’ll truly never run out of opportunities to learn something new. But, the good news is, if you don’t get to attend some you want this summer, there’s always next summer, and the one after that, and the one after that and so on. Don’t let overwhelm seep in It’s easy to feel overwhelmed when you’re learning new things. Sometimes, you’ll notice what you’re learning during your summer professional development will expand your mind, especially if it’s something new. When this happens, don’t let yourself get overwhelmed. Take what you’re learning and write down ways you’ll implement it into your classroom and with your students. If it’s something that’s unfamiliar or new, there will be pushback because it’s uncomfortable. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day and neither is applying anything new to your teaching. Just like you teach your students to have a growth mindset, you need to as well. Take your time and let change happen naturally and slowly. Take PD online We’ve talked about attending in person workshops, but another fantastic option is to take professional development online. What better way to get the training you need than by doing it in your pajamas from the comfort of your own home right? There are some great online options available to cater to exactly what you’re needing to learn. Just like I mentioned earlier, base the choices you make on what you’re needing right now and go from there.   Here are five bonus tips from a previous blog post on summer PD opportunities: Look for university courses If you live close to a university or college, you may be able to sign up for a summer session course. Summer sessions are usually shorter, which will leave you with some unscheduled weeks. Having lived near Seattle for most of my teaching years, I was able to take advantage of courses designed specifically for educators as well as undergrad classes, which allowed me to add a history endorsement partway through my career. My experience is that summer courses are a little more relaxed and leisurely. The campus is quieter, and the professors tend to be more accessible. Webinars If you can't make it to the class, bring the course to you. Webinars can be a great way to gain new skills or learning, and all you need is an internet connection. With a quick online search, you will find several free webinars offered for teachers. Webinars are typically offered on a specific date at a particular time. Be sure to read carefully to determine the time zone of the webinar, so you don't miss out.   Book Studies Many school districts offer book studies throughout the school year but not during the summer. Why not arrange your own book study over the summer? You know there is at least one book on your shelf that you’re dying to dig into, but the experience will be more valuable if you share it with fellow educators. You can arrange an online forum to discuss the book or meet in person with colleagues. And be sure to check with your school or district’s administration to see if you can earn credit or clock hours. Edcamps Is money an issue? Do you want to participate as well as plan your professional development? Check out www.edcamp.org. Edcamps are facilitated for teachers by teachers, and there is never a charge to attend. The purpose is for teachers to empower each other by sharing in conversation. At Edcamps, teachers suggest topics and join in the discussions that best suit their needs. Edcamps are offered at various locations throughout the US. Travel Opportunities There are several travel-study opportunities for teachers. It may be too late to register for a program this summer, but why not do some research to make plans for next year? Many opportunities can be paid through a grant, fellowship, or school district funding. I spent four weeks refreshing my Spanish at the University of Salamanca in the summer of 2016, and my school district reimbursed my tuition. Traveling abroad not only gives you that hands-on cultural experience to share with your students but will also renew and rejuvenate you for the following school year. What professional development do you plan to do this summer? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest. Jessica Peresta is passionate about providing other music teachers, especially those right out of college or new to teaching elementary music, with the music education resources, lesson plans, teacher training, and community you've been looking for. She believes your domestic life outside of school should be spent soaking up time with family and friends and your music teacher life while at school should not leave you feeling defeated, but should be a joyful, exciting, and rewarding experience. To find out more about Jessica and her passion, head to  www.thedomesticmusician.com.

Where Do We Go from Here Anaysis - 920 Words

Summary The critical essay â€Å"Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?† written by Marin Luther King Jr., is an inquisitive piece who preaches the idea of a peaceful society, Martin also highlights the major issues happening and changing the world at the time. It analyzes events involving World War II and Vietnam War, and uses an example from Greek Literature to apply the concept known as â€Å"Ulysses and the Siren†; resulting in a realization that peace is the solution to chaos. Idea Based Martin Luther King Jr.; a pacifist, a preacher, a father, a husband, a son, a freedom fighter, an activist against prejudice, a genius in literature, and a dreamer . Martin was an individual full of modesty, compassion, promise, serenity, wisdom,†¦show more content†¦He wanted to guarantee that the rights won in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 would be enforced by the federal government. The diction of the text was eloquent; he uses elaborate words such as clarion, quagmire, brigands, calamitous, abdicate, and disarmament. He does to correspond with examples such as a quote from John F Kennedy, and characteristics of â€Å"Divine Comedy†. Marti’s Quote from John F. Kennedy is better to analyze; stating, â€Å"Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind†. An analysis of the quote is that the experience of wisdom should tell us that war is obsolete. From my interpretation it defines a message that reveals the human emotion of comfort and praise towards peace. Martin though is trying to assess the rise of Black Nationalism and the increasing use of the slogan ‘‘Black Power’’ in the movement. The last sentence of Paragraph 9, â€Å"If modern man continues†¦could not imagine†, gives a representation of what will happen if we let the conception of destruction and evil cloud or minds. The essay is based from a time periods in the U.S where the culture was changing rapidly, governments fighting in the name of honor despite citizen’s outcry towards moral conduct. The essay represents this idea and advertises that peace is the ultimateShow MoreRelatedYou Decide: Middleton Hospital2498 Words   |  10 Pagesrecommendations to improve the financial performance of the hospital. The strategies and recommendations should be as specific as possible and include identifying resources that are necessary to implement the strategies. Also, describe the outcomes expected from implementing your recommendations. Your primary text and journal/website research must be used as a reference to support your analysis. Use at least three references. 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Thank you for the supports from our families and friends. To your pull and push, your critiques and humors, and for those valuable views and opinions during our research, we are grateful. Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to all

Dirty Facts About Apa Research Paper Format Example Uncovered

Dirty Facts About Apa Research Paper Format Example Uncovered Lies You've Been Told About Apa Research Paper Format Example It's possible to also describe the range of your research. If needed, you can supply the list of the principal keywords of your paper, it is going to help different people should they need to locate your work in internet databases but you ought to use only keywords that describe your research in a suitable way. In the era of the net, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the net and on university intranet search facilities. The ideal place to begin your research is on the internet since it will provide you direct details. There are two sorts of in-text citations. A consistent structure ought to be used in the key headings and the subheadings. Please be aware that the 4 forms of headings and the numbering systems employed for them is given just for the very first chapter. You can bold the principa l headings and highlight the subheadings to produce your document appear neat. Research Paper preparation means handling a whole lot of information. The framework of the way to write research papers have turned into the most distinguishable portion of each formatting standard. General formatting guidelines rarely differ from one another in several frameworks. In Microsoft Word, it's simple to set double-spacing for the entire document. Whispered Apa Research Paper Format Example Secrets As soon as your order is placed you can be certain of a brilliant bit of work. You will be happy you filled up the purchase form. Your document may have an intricate structure, especially in the event the main body will be big. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Apa Research Paper Format Example Secrets That No One Else Knows About Paper Wizard the quickest way to find that paper done and find a great grade. Your paper need s to be double spaced. Then write the abstract part of your paper only after you're completely finished writing your paper. The whole paper gets simple and convenient to read for everybody. There are various points to think about in order to reach a great research paper by means of either a grid paper template or a lined paper template, based on your preference or the research requirement. Possessing a best outline increases the odds of you presenting a research paper that's well written. If you read an illustration of APA paper, you can observe that running heads aren't always mandatory. New Questions About Apa Research Paper Format Example Most reports have a minumum of one appendix section to make it possible for you to include data, figures and calculations without breaking the stream of the principal body of the report. The table of content section is regarded as highly crucial in writing various kinds of academic and non-academic reports. You have the ability to write only its major sections or present a thorough plan with several subsections. To conserve space in the examples, just the first section of the outline will demonstrate the correct spacing. Th ere's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. If you're not certain how to then ask the computer department for aid. So long as you're consistent and include all the info that will make it possible for somebody else to replicate your research then it ought not matter. Personal information is one other way to acquire information. APA format is usually utilised in the social sciences. It is popular among students due to its simple guidelines and approach. It will help you to organize your paper well. Utilizing APA format means you're following an internationally acceptable writing style to which the majority of the readers are extremely familiar also. You may probably be aware that the structure of some academic papers is dependent on both formatting and variety of paper. If your instructor offers you the APA guidelines then great for you. The papers could be rejected if they don't apply the APA format. Apa papers are often broken into sections. If you are able to locate an essay associated with your subject, you can rewrite it to accelerate the practice. You should have a synopsis of your research in the debut of your report since it will supply a non-specialist with a fast history of the area. To ease your work, you can use various on-line citation generation tools along with essay templates in APA. Relevant journals you've been reading are also a great guide. Choosing Apa Research Paper Format Example The APA style table of content appears to be quite professional and well-edited in the event of following all the needs of the template. Examine examples of such works to comprehend how to write them and what style you oug ht to use for formatting them. The style may vary somewhat between different department (including the style of references), but it's mostly similar. Make certain you rely on the conventional font style and size. What Does Apa Research Paper Format Example Mean? You might also see book outline. You can also see essay outline. You could also see chapter outline. You could also see biography outline.

Chemical Stress Testing Free Essays

Latasha Birge March 21st, 2013 MC 205 Week 4 Instructor Rein Chemical Stress Testing A chemical stress test is used when a traditional stress test (called a cardiac stress test) cannot be done. A cardiac stress test requires you to walk on a treadmill or ride a stationary bicycle until your heart rate reaches a level where your heart is â€Å"stressed†. You may not be able to participate in this kind of test if you have a condition such as a stroke. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical Stress Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this case, a chemical stress test is used. This test is used to help your doctor determine if you have any kind of heart condition causing the chest pain, if arteries to the heart have blockage or narrowing, identify an irregular heart rhythm, monitor the heart’s response to treatment or procedures, and plan rehabilitation after a heart attack. A stress test is a clinical standard often used to detect coronary artery disease. The imaging portion of the test is identical to that used during stress echocardiography or isotope stress testing and is performed either in a cardiologist office, a satellite lab or the hospital. An intravenous line is started in the arm, the blood pressure is checked and an EKG recorded. Common medications used for a chemical stress test include dipyridamole, dobutamine, and adenosine. Medication is supplied until 85 percent of your age-predicted maximum heart rate has been reached. In the initial phases of exercise in the upright position, cardiac output is increased by an augmentation in stroke volume meditated through the use of the Frank-Starling Mechanism and heart rate. Treadmill stress testing is the test of choice when a patient is able to exercise because of the physiologic effect that exercise has on the blood pressure and heart rate. It also helps give the physician an idea about the patient’s exercise tolerance and whether or not the exertion has any adverse effects on the patient’s symptoms or irregular heartbeats. The treadmill test involves walking on the treadmill at a predetermined intensity based off of your fitness level. Every three minutes the speed will be increased. This continues until you reach 85 percent of the age predicted maximal heart rate. References www. thirdage. comchemical-sress-test www. livestrong. com www. heartsite. com How to cite Chemical Stress Testing, Essay examples Chemical Stress Testing Free Essays Latasha Birge March 21st, 2013 MC 205 Week 4 Instructor Rein Chemical Stress Testing A chemical stress test is used when a traditional stress test (called a cardiac stress test) cannot be done. A cardiac stress test requires you to walk on a treadmill or ride a stationary bicycle until your heart rate reaches a level where your heart is â€Å"stressed†. You may not be able to participate in this kind of test if you have a condition such as a stroke. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical Stress Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this case, a chemical stress test is used. This test is used to help your doctor determine if you have any kind of heart condition causing the chest pain, if arteries to the heart have blockage or narrowing, identify an irregular heart rhythm, monitor the heart’s response to treatment or procedures, and plan rehabilitation after a heart attack. A stress test is a clinical standard often used to detect coronary artery disease. The imaging portion of the test is identical to that used during stress echocardiography or isotope stress testing and is performed either in a cardiologist office, a satellite lab or the hospital. An intravenous line is started in the arm, the blood pressure is checked and an EKG recorded. Common medications used for a chemical stress test include dipyridamole, dobutamine, and adenosine. Medication is supplied until 85 percent of your age-predicted maximum heart rate has been reached. In the initial phases of exercise in the upright position, cardiac output is increased by an augmentation in stroke volume meditated through the use of the Frank-Starling Mechanism and heart rate. Treadmill stress testing is the test of choice when a patient is able to exercise because of the physiologic effect that exercise has on the blood pressure and heart rate. It also helps give the physician an idea about the patient’s exercise tolerance and whether or not the exertion has any adverse effects on the patient’s symptoms or irregular heartbeats. The treadmill test involves walking on the treadmill at a predetermined intensity based off of your fitness level. Every three minutes the speed will be increased. This continues until you reach 85 percent of the age predicted maximal heart rate. References www. thirdage. comchemical-sress-test www. livestrong. com www. heartsite. com How to cite Chemical Stress Testing, Papers

The role and significance of Cordelia in the novel Cats Eye Essay Example

The role and significance of Cordelia in the novel Cats Eye Paper Elaines struggle throughout her life can be greatly attributed to Cordelias role during her childhood, which ultimately led to Elaines retrospective of her artwork and also more personally her whole life. Cordelias influence over Elaine in her earlier years carried through in her subconscious and affected every relationship she would have in her future, with males and more importantly with females. Cordelia made Elaine feel inferior, abusing her both mentally and emotionally causing her to have a warped idea of what female friends are. Cordelias methods of showing friendship was by demeaning the people who surrounded her mainly because she herself was demeaned and caused to feel inferior by her family, mainly her father. By doing this Cordelia had control over Elaine which allowed her to speak to her however she felt and persuade her to do things she would not normally do like going down into the ravine for her hat in the cold. Elaines need to have a girl friend caused her to endure the abuse from Cordelia and Grace because she never knew what it was like to have a female companion. She had grown up playing with her older brother Stephen and had always dreamt of having friends that were girls. Due to this Elaine accepted her first experience with girls as how a female friendship should be structured. It is unfortunate that her first encounter with female friends was so traumatic because it seemed to have set a precedent for all her upcoming relationships. It was only later on in her life that Elaine truly realized how much she missed a relationship with females. As she gets older she begins to yearn for the opportunity that she never had, to have a true relationship with a woman. When Elaine finally builds up the courage to walk away from her friends it is only at this time that she realizes that the only power Cordelia had over her was her own weakness. We will write a custom essay sample on The role and significance of Cordelia in the novel Cats Eye specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The role and significance of Cordelia in the novel Cats Eye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The role and significance of Cordelia in the novel Cats Eye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Elaine has not been free of Cordelia since the first day she saw her standing on the pile of dirt in her yard. Ever since that day Elaine has been in a struggle to maintain a good relationship with Cordelia and as a result of this she gets manipulated. For instance when Cordelia invented the stack of plates as a way to control Elaine and keep her in line. For most of her friendship with Cordelia, Elaine believed that their treatment of her was their way of trying to make her a better person but she never knew what she was doing wrong or why she needed to be changed. Elaines struggle with the constant abuse from Cordelia affected her throughout her life, which is evident by her constant fear of confronting Cordelia while she was in Toronto. However this fear is survived by her need to confront Cordelia at her retrospective. Elaine is disappointed when she doesnt encounter Cordelia and while looking over her paintings she suddenly realizes that all along it was Cordelia who had a real problem and it is only at that moment that she is able to fully forgive Cordelia and ultimately forgive herself.

Free Essays on Globalization

In 1992, Thomas Friedman took a tour of a Lexus factory in Japan and was amazed at the machines and how they assembled the luxury cars. While eating dinner that night while on a Japanese train he read a story about another confrontation in the Middle East. It was the Israelis and the Palestinians. He concluded that half the world was after the Lexuses and the other half was fighting over who owned the olive tree. His analogy was that the Lexuses were a symbol of brilliant technology because of how they are assembled. Mr. Friedman is a foreign affairs columnist for the New York Times and has a Pulitzer Prize as a foreign correspondent to his resume. Friedman has degrees in an Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies. He has very few academic qualifications as an expert in globalization. Although he said â€Å" I am an inveterate traveler having crisscrossed the globe numerous times in my work for the Times. â€Å"Globalization† he writes â€Å"is driven by enormously powerful technologies which are integrating us more and more everyday whether we like it or not. Theoretically, these aspirations and technologies can be choked off, but only at a huge price to society’s development and only by building even higher and even thicker walls.† I believe that Globalization is not just a phenomenon and not just a passing trend. The international system replaced the Cold War system. It is also the integration of capitol technology, and information across national borders, ins way that is creating a single global market and to some degree, a global village. Globalization- the Lexus_ is the central organizing principle of the post Cold War world, even though many individuals and nations resist by holding onto what has traditionally mattered them to them- the Olive Tree. At first glance, the concept is all about American hegemony, about Disneyification of all corners of the earth. But the reality, thank goodness, is far more complex than that, involvin... Free Essays on Globalization Free Essays on Globalization In 1992, Thomas Friedman took a tour of a Lexus factory in Japan and was amazed at the machines and how they assembled the luxury cars. While eating dinner that night while on a Japanese train he read a story about another confrontation in the Middle East. It was the Israelis and the Palestinians. He concluded that half the world was after the Lexuses and the other half was fighting over who owned the olive tree. His analogy was that the Lexuses were a symbol of brilliant technology because of how they are assembled. Mr. Friedman is a foreign affairs columnist for the New York Times and has a Pulitzer Prize as a foreign correspondent to his resume. Friedman has degrees in an Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies. He has very few academic qualifications as an expert in globalization. Although he said â€Å" I am an inveterate traveler having crisscrossed the globe numerous times in my work for the Times. â€Å"Globalization† he writes â€Å"is driven by enormously powerful technologies which are integrating us more and more everyday whether we like it or not. Theoretically, these aspirations and technologies can be choked off, but only at a huge price to society’s development and only by building even higher and even thicker walls.† I believe that Globalization is not just a phenomenon and not just a passing trend. The international system replaced the Cold War system. It is also the integration of capitol technology, and information across national borders, ins way that is creating a single global market and to some degree, a global village. Globalization- the Lexus_ is the central organizing principle of the post Cold War world, even though many individuals and nations resist by holding onto what has traditionally mattered them to them- the Olive Tree. At first glance, the concept is all about American hegemony, about Disneyification of all corners of the earth. But the reality, thank goodness, is far more complex than that, involvin... Free Essays on Globalization Globalization is a word we are hearing more often these days. It is described as a movement that enables individuals, corporations, and countries to reach around the globe farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before. It is the spread of free market capitalism to virtually every country in the world. With current technological advancements, globalization has become more accessible. Businesses can now manage overseas operations with more control through the use of the Internet and improved telecommunications. Globalization has many characteristics that can benefit some countries while undermining others. To some, globalization is bringing choices and opportunities, while to others it is a disruptive force that threatens lives, jobs, and traditions. In a global economy, markets are without boundaries. Free market capitalism is the driving idea behind globalization. As a result, countries that are willing to participate in the global marketplace are encouraged to open their economy to free trade, privatization, and competition. Every issue has positive and negative points. Despite the promising progress that the global economy promotes, it is surprising that millions of people do not look at globalization in a positive light. Some organizations, such as human rights activists strongly oppose globalization. Why would so many groups oppose something that can be beneficial to every nation? Human rights advocates argue that multinational corporations erode human rights in poorer countries by establishing sweatshops to benefit their business, such as was the incident with Kathie Lee Gifford and her clothes line. Human rights and student groups claim that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank prop up regimes that condone sweatshops and pursue policies that bail out foreign leaders at the expense of local economies. In addition, globalization would bring massive population shifts from rural to urban ... Free Essays on Globalization GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL IDENTITY In the review of 'The Clash of civilazation and the remaking of world order', Stephen M. Walt concedes to the fact that, while Samuel P. Huntington's book may "enjoy a longer shelf life" than other works in its league, he ultimatly dismisses it as a "potentially dangerous blueprint for policy." Samuel Huntington says that 'the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural' which in turn constitutes a 'Clash of Civilazations' because of differing norms and values. In an interview following the 9/11 attacks, Mr. Huntington was featured an a PBS series where he was asked to explain how his theory has held up over the years. Here he speaks of his "Clash of Civilization", a prelude to his in-depth explanation of the lessons we learned from the World Trade Center incident; "Well I think the essence of the argument is that during the Twentieth Century and the Cold War, ideology was a key factor in international relations. The wars were between fascists, communists and liberal democratic countries. Ideology has faded from the scene and people no longer identify with ideologies; they identify with their cultures and cultures may exist at a very local level, but there are also broader cultural entities, and the broadest cultural entities are civilizations. And the argument of the book is that the most dangerous conflicts in the future will be between states and groups from different civilizations because these have a potential to escalate." And when asked about the 9/11 tragedy, he affirms his point with this: "Following September eleventh, how did the world divide in terms of cultures and civilizations? The countries that are closest to us culturallyBritain, Canada, Australiaimmediately came forward, sent military forces to work with ours. The reaction in Europe, part of Western civilization as we are, was again enthusiastic sympathy and expressions of sup... Free Essays on Globalization Globalization Globalization refers to the widening and deepening of the international flows of trade, capital, technology, and information within a single integrated global market (Petras 11). This has been considered to be the basis for global expansionism; the illusion of domestic economic stability has supplemented this process with a strong supportive public opinion. However, the true nature of Globalization continues to be the search for lower waged workers through geographic expansion by means of economic superiority and political manipulation often involving military force (Tabb 25). The reduction of cost due to cheaper labor and an increase in the speed of communication and transportation has continually deepened this process (Tabb 13). Historically, international flows of capital and commodity trade have taken three routes, through imperialist and colonial conquest, trade and investment among advanced capitalist countries and recently through exchanges among Third World countries (Petras 27). These methods share the common goal of exploiting vulnerable areas of the world in order to benefit core countries and more importantly international corporations. However, each route has produced different consequences in global society. Imperialism created an unequal accumulation of capital among the world via the extraction of raw materials in vulnerable colonial regions. This promoted economic growth in the core countries while the periphery was exposed to cheap labor and declining standards of living, basically unable to compete with major world powers. Trade among world powers invited regulated foreign capital in order to complement internal capitalist development. Lastly, the influence of international corporations over Third World regions has led to a large debt crisis in the periphery, which has been used as a tool to manipulate foreign policies in these areas to benefit corporate interests. In the processes of globalizatio... Free Essays on Globalization Thomas L. Friedman is known for writing his interpretations of world affairs. He has won two Pulitzer Prizes as a foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times. In his book, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Friedman talks about his extensive travels and experiences with people around the globe and how globalization has affected all types of people from all walks of life. He shows how the Lexus represents advancements in technologies and the pursuit of a higher standard of living while the Olive Tree represents a peoples’ roots. Friedman is a supporter of globalization and describes thoroughly how the best course for the world to take is to nurture this new system. Friedman looks at globalization as the system to take over after the collapse of the â€Å"Cold War system.† He describes the Cold War system as a focus on division and with the collapse of the Berlin Wall came the collapse of the Cold War system. Globalization, with a theme of integration, quickly too k its place. Friedman portrays three fundamental changes as the initial steps towards globalization; changes in how we communicate, how we invest and how we attain information about the world. The â€Å"democratization of technology† was the initial step. Innovations in the 1980’s and 1990’s such as computerization, Internet tools and telecommunications are the driving forces behind the democratization of technology. The ability to communicate with anyone around the world easily and cheaply allowed the potential for wealth distribution to be evenly distributed geographically. The â€Å"commercial paper† market actually started the â€Å"democratization of finance.† These were bonds issued by corporations directly to the public to raise capital. Bonds stopped the monopoly that banks held over people, which allowed for credit to flow freely. The third and final change was the â€Å"democratization of information.† This change began with the globaliz ation of televi... Free Essays on Globalization Globalization: Is it worth it? Given today’s economy does it make sense for a small company to go global? According to Charles Hill, author of International Business, he seems to think that it is a good thing along with many other businessmen, influential economists, and even politicians. Yet that is not the answer for every industry, take for example the family entertainment center industry; going global is not always the wisest choice for expansion. This became evident in a recent interview which was held with Richard Beckert, (personal communication, October 20, 2003); the former CEO and President of Malibu Entertainment Worldwide, Incorporated. Malibu Entertainment Worldwide, Inc. (MEWI) at one time owned and operated approximately 40 family entertainment centers across the United States, Japan, and Spain. Malibu Entertainment is now no longer in existence as it sold its last park in January of this year. This sprawling global company was a publicly traded company in its prime with shares trading at over $30 per share, today the defunct company’s outstanding shares are trading at a staggering $0.0010 per share. This drastic change in the company happened almost overnight after the global expansion according to Mr. Beckert. After opening the first two locations overseas within weeks of each other the company entered into huge financial difficulties, which forced the sale of the two oversea operations within months of their opening. The sale of the locations came at a huge lose to the company that resulted in a loss of over $10 million. With the huge loss in operating capital and equity in the company its shares literally went for $30 per share to $10 per share overnight. From there on out the company was unable to recover and kept the downward spiral. It was being faced with huge loan repayment notes and investors were pulling funding left and right. The company was forced to slowly sell off assets and parks one by one in ... Free Essays on Globalization Globalization is a confusing concept. For some it conjures up images of electronic communications: an email, global media, and popularization of mobile phones. For others it is about trade: the ability to buy coca-cola in rural villages in Africa. For yet others it is about misappropriation and greed: the suicide of Indian peasant farmers ruined by agri-business and genetically modified seeds. From now on, I will present the negative effects of globalization.  gGlobalization h is a very uneven process, with unequal distribution of benefits and losses. The problem is that of who gains and loses from the potential benefits. This imbalance leads to polarization or separation between the few rich countries or individuals that gain benefits, and the many other countries that lose out or are marginalized. Globalization, polarization, wealth concentration and marginalization are therefore linked through the same process. In this process, investment resources, growth and modern technology are focused on a few countries (mainly in North America, Europe, Japan and East Asian NICs). The basic facts are known: 20% of the world fs population live in absolute poverty, with an income of less than $1 per day. Surviving on less than $2 a day is a reality for almost half the people on the planet.  iA majority of developing countries are excluded from the process, or are participating in it in marginal ways that are often detrimental to their interests; for example, import liberalization may harm their domestic producers and financial liberalization may cause instability. j  @ iThe uneven and unequal nature of the present globalization is manifested in the fast growing gap between the world fs rich and poor people and between developed and developing countries; and by the large differences among nations in the distribution of gains and losses. j As a result, the number of hungry people around the @world keeps rising every year and... Free Essays on Globalization Domestic small-and medium-sized technology companies (SMTC) that are currently plotting their strategic direction are faced with a daunting competitive environment today. On the one hand, SMTCs are struggling to survive in the lull of a once-booming and competitive US technology market. On the other hand, should they look outside the US market, they are faced with the prospect of competing head-on with large multinational corporations that have already established a global presence. The pervasive belief surrounding international expansion of any scale is that it is not an initiative to be launched by a company with limited resources-a belief that would eradicate the entire SMTC segment from the global technology marketplace if taken seriously. The result is that SMTCs hold off on any non-domestic activities until financial and human resources are comfortably able to accommodate a new market entry. Niko Partners, an international business consultancy for small- and medium-sized technology companies, believes that waiting for a high comfort-level would be too late for SMTCs, and in fact could mean the loss of critical competitive ground in the long term. The true first hurdle to globalization is not a resource issue but is the achievement of the strategic global awareness of how the SMTC fits into the global marketplace. Niko believes, regardless of when international expansion actually begins, all SMTCs should at least be actively incorporating an international v ista into their strategic roadmaps now. For critical social theory, globalization involves both capitalist markets and sets of social relations and flows of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, forms of culture, and people across national boundaries via a global networked society (see Castells 1996, 1997, and 1998 and Held, et al 1999). The transmutations of technology and capital work together to create a new globalized and interconnected world. A technological revolution ... Free Essays on Globalization The phenomenon known as globalisation Introduction To begin with, tell them that they will need to look at the essay questions today Later we will be doing a trial reflective exercise Let’s look at Globalisation My story When my colleagues and I were faced with redundancy we were placed in a unique position. Or perhaps it wasn’t quite so unique, just unspoken; ‘experts’ are not renowned for publicly applying their own theories to themselves. After years working as labour researchers or workplace change consultants we found ourselves in the position of having the stories we told other workers and their managements about why change was happening being reflected back to us by our managers and the people employed to facilitate our departures. We shifted from being purveyors of the discourses and narratives about why change was necessary to sitting in judgement of whether these very discourses and narratives applied to us, made sense to us, or were believable. Armed with more information than the average potentially redundant worker, we gathered around photocopiers, water coolers, staff room dining tables, coffee shop booths, each others desks - and discussed, argued, complained, questioned. As labour researchers we turned on labour theories, as change consultants we turned on theories of workplace change, and asked ourselves and each other, â€Å"Is what I’ve been saying for the last ten years really the case in my case? Now that I’m down there amongst it all instead of looking at it from the safety of an analyst’s lofty heights, does the story look and sound the same?† The Globalisation Story The stories we told the workers went generally like this: Globalisation led to economic and industry restructuring which leads to organisational change which means jobs change which means you have to do things differently to how you did them before and if you do not change, you won’t be able to give your customer... Free Essays on Globalization McGlobalization â€Å"We must use terministic screens, since we can’t really say anything without the use of terms; whatever terms we use, they necessarily constitute a corresponding kind of screen; and any such screen necessarily directs the attention to one field rather than the other. Within that field there can be different screens, each with its ways of directing the attention and shaping the range of observations implicit in the given terminology. All terminologies must implicitly and explicitly embody choices between the principle of continuity and the discontinuity.† Where would the world be in this day and age if everyone had the exact same experiences, exact same thoughts, and the exact same dreams? To think of such things is ridiculous. Humans would be nothing more than robots, all programmed to think and function in the exact same way. Each individual in the world has their own experiences, none of which that are identical. Not one person was raised identical to another. For every person there comes a screen, and for every experience an individual encounters comes another screen. Think of screens like this. A photographer has many different lenses. Each lens comes with their own unique qualities. So when the photographer switches his lens he is switching the entire picture. In regards to humans we are the Johnson 2 photographer and each experience gives us a different view on things. The result of this gives us another screen. Writers and theorist are no exception to this. Newspapers and publications would not have such an impact on the world if every person had the same view on things. We take in information from one and another and twist it all around in our heads to come up with our own individual ideas. Real life examples of this our seen everywhere. An issue I wish to address is how different people interpret the phenomenon, globalization. To help support this paper I will give examples from d... Free Essays on Globalization Conflict Resolution in Organizations Conflict comes about from differences – differences of opinion, differences in thinking, differences in needs and differences in values. Sometimes these differences can complement each other, as in diversity. Everyone encounters situations on a regular basis that affect how one works and relates with other people. But sometimes we will encounter conflict and in dealing with conflict comes about resolution. One key element in building effective organizational partnerships is the creation of conflict resolution processes and systems that encourage people to work through conflicts and to use them to build better partnerships. As leaders encourage high performance organizations they also need to design conflict resolution systems that encourage that can be an effective tool in dealing with day-to-day situations. Conflict resolution in organizations builds stronger and more cohesive organizations and more rewarding relationships. When we fear conflict or perceive it as a nega tive experience, we harm our chances of dealing with it effectively. Moreover, conflict is neither a positive or negative in situation. Conflict is a natural occurrence. Conflict is a by-product of the diversity that challenges our thoughts, our attitudes, our beliefs, and our perceptions. Each of us has influence and power over whether or not conflict becomes negative and that influence and power is found in the way we handle it. In my organization, (your company), conflict is a way of life and is something that must be dealt with accordingly. Being skillful in resolving conflict is an important managerial tool. Senior and middle level management typically utilize a Win-Win approach in dealing with conflict at (your company). Win-Win conflict is achieved by a blend of both high cooperativeness and high assertiveness (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2000, p.383). The Win-Win Approach is about changing the conflict fr... Free Essays on Globalization In the ever-present debates about globalization, the experience has often been identified with late twentieth-century forms of political market - notably market liberalization - and the associated changes in political thought. Important as these forms have been, however they are hardly the core of global transformation. Globalization is not simply or mainly either an economic or a recent historical occurrence, indeed not a single process at all, and requires a much deeper and broader understanding. Only when this is understood can the significance of the global for the social sciences be acheived.Globalization can be defined as a multifaceted set of distinct but related processes - economic, cultural, social but also political and military - through which economic relations have developed global reach and significance. In this sense globalization includes the development of relations of many kinds as well as particularly global forms. It can be coupled, as Anthony Giddens among other s has argued, to reflective changes in the relations of time and space in the development of progress. Globalization has been developing for six centuries, in the processes through which the ‘multi-power actor civilization’ of the West, as Michael Mann calls it, starting in Europe, has come to take over more or less the entire world. Every 10 years or more accurately each historical period (obviously these do not match precisely with the chronology of centuries) - has made its own contribution to global transformation. From the European exploration of the ‘Indies’ and discovery of ‘America’, in the fifteenth century, through the old days of the Spanish and Portuguese empires to the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century domination of Britain and France, a Western new world order came into existence. At the beginning of this process of global change was the new standard of Western economic and cultural life, which by the end of the nineteenth centur y ... Free Essays on Globalization Introduction We are in the midst of a global information revolution driven by the convergence and proliferation of information and communication technologies. The telecommunications sector is changing at warp speed, driven by technological innovation that results in new equipment and services, and also by new entrants and alliances between companies with experience in a wide range of information industries from telecommunications to broadcasting to computer hardware and software to publishing. Three major trends are driving these changes:  · the rapid introduction of new technologies and services;  · the restructuring of the telecommunications sector; and  · globalization of economies and of communications. Together these developments are not only changing the world of telecommunications, but the ways people work, learn, and interact. The Death of Distance "The death of distance as a determinant of the cost of communications will probably be the single most important economic force shaping society in the first half of the next century." The death of distance could have profound implications for both individuals and organizations. The ability to work "anytime, anywhere" allows "road warriors" to work without offices on planes, in hotels, and at client sites, and enables information workers to telecommute from their homes rather than traveling to work. This flexibility can be two-edged for individuals, who can work wherever they choose but may never escape the "virtual workplace." Organizations may reduce their overhead costs and improve their productivity, but they must also learn how to manage their decentralized work force. One major technological trend is the extension of "information superhighways" in the form of broadband networks; another is the increasing ubiquity of communications using wireless technologies (that will, however, initially provide access to squirts rather than floods of information). Personal c...

Christmas Weather Lore

Christmas Weather Lore Weather lore exists for nearly every season and every type of weather, but many of the most well-known sayings have to do with winter weather.    Besides hoping for a White Christmas, theres another reason youll want to keep a watchful eye on your Christmas Day forecast. According to weather folklore, the weather on Christmas foretells the weather for the remaining winter and upcoming year.   Based on the below sayings, what does your Christmas Day weather suggest? Stormy Christmas Weather   - If theres thunder during Christmas week,The Winter will be anything but meek. - If windy on Christmas, trees will bring much fruit. - If it rain much during the twelve days after Christmas Day it will be a wet year. A Mild Christmas Means Cold Will Come    - A green (warm) Christmas, a white (cold) Easter. - So far as the sun shines on Christmas Day,So far will the snow blow in May. - If the ice will bear a goose before Christmas, it will not bear a duck after. - If Christmas day be bright and clear, therell be two winters in the year.. The below proverbs could be used to forecast whether or not youll see a White Christmas based on the weather at Hollantide a Cornish feast traditionally celebrated at the end of October/first of November  which marked the eve of winter. - If ducks do slide at Hollantide,At Christmas they will swim.If ducks do swim at Hollantide,  At Christmas they will slide. - If Candlemas day be dry and fair,  The half of the winter is gone and mair.If Candlemas day be wet and foul,  The half of the winter is gone at Yule (Christmas). The following sayings have less to do with the weather on Christmas and more to do with what calendar day Christmas falls on:   - If Christmas Day on Thursday be,  A windy winter ye shall see. - It will be the same weather for nine weeks as it is on the ninth day after Christmas. - The nearer the New Moon to Christmas Day, the harder the Winter. Christmas Lore: Where Does It Come From?   Why are these particular Christmas weather scenarios linked to these weather occurrences? Long before there was such a thing as  meteorologists  or tools like barometers or thermometers, farmers, seafarers, and others whose daily work was tied to the weather had nothing to clue them in on what the days weather would bring. To remedy this, people began observing how animals, plants, insects, and even they themselves behaved just before certain weather events. After years and years of noticing these patterns, folks began expecting certain weather based on whether or not they observed these certain events in nature.  They then created rhymes (like those above) to make the connections easily remembered and shared. How many of the above pieces of lore have you heard before? Have you known any of them to ring true where you live?

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research project - Essay Example The projected net income before bonuses for the year is $17.2 million. The preliminary net income before bonuses for the first quarter is $3.7 million. According to (FASB 11) inaccurate recognition of bonuses result into inaccuracies within financial statements and hence it is important to make appropriate recording of bonuses as well as well as taxes associated with the same. Treatment of accounting transactions often requires careful consideration of the implications of the same both technically and at ethical levels. Reliable sources often emphasize the importance of accruing bonuses whenever it is expected that the company’s financial/operational performance will at least be equivalent to the set performance levels to warrant issuance of bonuses (Kimball 12). The accrual decision requires considerable judgment of the performance of the entire period which encompasses many future months during which one thing or another may impede achievement of the bonus plan objectives. A number of alternatives have been proposed for accrual of bonuses. These include: Non-accrual of expense until a reasonable probability of achieving the bonus is present Accrual of a smaller expense early in a given performance period to reflect high performance failure risk and accrue a larger expense in future when success probability is extremely high It is not advisable that one accrues significant bonus expense in an instance where probability of awarding the bonus is extremely low (Stickney 80). Such accruals provide a false expense which might be reversed later when the performance period comes to an end. A sample bonus accrual expense for the case presented could be as follows,    Debit Credit Bonus expense 185,000      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accrued bonus liability    185,000 Where payment for the accrued bonus is made later, the journal entry eliminates accrued bonus liability whilst recognizing any arising payroll tax liabilities which are associated with the accrued bonus. A entry for this could be as follows,    Debit Credit Accrued bonus liability 185,000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cash    xxx Taxes    xxx As a matter of fact, when a percentage bonus is issued at the end of every quarter, it is important to recognize a portion of the bonus at the end of each month’s closing financial statements. For instance, the 5% bonus at each quarter’s end, an accrual of 5% of total salary expense is recorded at the end of every month’s cycle closure (FASB 54). A debit is posted to employee bonuses account for total accrual amount and credit is made to bonus accrual account. In the case discussed in the report, the bonus payment is pegged to the projected net income before bonuses of $17.2 million. However, going by the earnings for the current quarter, there is no high likelihood of attaining the projected income before payment of bonuses and hence its non-accrual is recommended until such time that the probability of attaining the projected i ncome before bonus is achieved. In general, the best way to treat the bonus expense is to handle it as an accrued expense or rather an expense incurred but not yet paid. This is consideration of the fact that whilst the bonus is anticipated, changes in the financial results of the company can prevent the company from incurring this expense at the end of the financial period. Incurrence of this expense is pegged on a condition which must be achieved for it to be affected.

Anything on a proposal arugment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anything on a proposal arugment - Essay Example I consider this as a major social problem which must be taken care of in a serious way. This paper will follow the structure represented in Ramage's book and shall include the following: In general term, we can define child labour as a forced- work where children are put into and through which they get exploited in many ways. Children are forced to work in any place regardless of the suffering they meet. The problem of child labour is more in the developing countries like India and so on. We can say that the main cause for child labour is poverty, but it is not only this because we can see that innumerable poor children are getting educated. So, the responsibility goes to the family also. Many out there from the poor background are not aware of the problem at all. They do not know the damage it brings to the future of their children. Engaging children for work is a serious offence, but no one seems to take notice of it. Child labour spoils the educational growth of the child and always keep him out of the fast-developing and competitive society. A child labour does not face the world in a proper way; he will not develop a proper character or behavior. Here is an est imation of child labourers in the year 2002 by International Labour Organisation. According to it of about 246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8.4 million children were engaged in so-called 'unconditional' worst forms of child labor, which include forced and bonded labor, the use of children in armed conflict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation. We cannot say that the problem of child labour has been decreased totally. This is a continuing problem which has been not properly considered by the government authorities. Effective measures have to be taken to eliminate child labour. According to the "Roots of Child Labor" in UNICEF's 1997 State of the World's Children Report, the parents of child labourers are often unemployed or underemployed, desperate for secure employment and income. Yet, it is their children - more powerless and paid less - who are offered the jobs. In other words, says UNICEF, children are employed because they are easier to exploit. With this, let us move on to the next part. A SOLUTION TO ELIMINATE CHILD LABOUR Though there are many solutions to overcome this problem, in my opinion it is rightly through providing proper education children can be taken out of child labour. It is not just giving education; my stress would be on making it free for the desperate and deserving section of people. Government should come forward to make it reach throughout the country. Children must be able to receive proper education and the government should also concentrate on providing some help for the family concerned for their survival. In this way, there will not be any problem from the parents' side for the children. If this can be implemented everywhere the risk of child labour will slowly perish and the future of these children can be saved. CONCLUSION In my conclusion, I would like to justify the mentioned solution as an

Measurement Software in Construction

Measurement Software in Construction 3.1 Introduction The use of measurement software in construction industry has focused on measurement and BQ since these two have been the predominant core activities of work. However, as we are aware today, the use of computers can be applied to many different situations. This chapter will review the application and features of measurement software in local construction companies. The common application functions of measurement software such as measurement, cost estimation, tender document preparation, BQ preparation and the like will briefly described in the first sub-chapter. In addition, case studies of measurement software currently available in market whether local or foreign will be conducted in this chapter. This chapter will also provide the key features or modules of the Microsoft Office Excel 2007, CATO Suite, BinaLink, Buildsoft, WinQS, PriMus-DCF and PriMus REVOLUTION in more details. The positive or negative impacts of measurement software on local construction industry will be explained and carried out by few survey analyses additionally. A summary of this chapter will be presented in the last section. Questionnaire will be drafted based on this chapter to meet the last two objectives of the research which are the extent of measurement software application and the resulted impacts from it in local construction companies. 3.2 Application and Features of Measurement Software in Local Construction Companies Measurement software were created and developed to serves the roles and responsibilities of QS profession in a construction companies with lesser time and higher accuracy. Application functions of measurement software enable to perform the following: Measurement Measurement is the main activity that any quantity surveyor engages in during the stage of tender preparation. Curren (1987) advocates that computer can measure quantities automatically and is more accurate compared to measurement done manually (cited by Lim and Ong, 2008). This goes to show the use of computers is vital to the quantity surveyor as it helps in reducing the time needed for taking-off quantities. Cost Estimation Ahuja and Campbell (1988) defined that cost estimation is prediction of probable cost incurred for a proposed construction project. It is a technical process and has been described as both an art and also science. Estimating is usually carried out by quantity surveyor or estimator on behalf of contractor with the attempt to forecast the tender sum to be included in the BQ before submitting the tender. The purpose of the cost estimation is to obtain the expected cost of a project in varying degrees of accuracy at different phases of project. Cost estimating software will enhance the accuracy while estimating the building cost and examine the implication of initial cost design. BQ Preparation Computer systems are used to facilitate this process by automatically reducing double keying work and thus saving a huge amount of time. In term of BQ production, Microsoft Excel is widely used for doing taking off and preparation of BQ. Traditional spreadsheet measurement sheet have the ability to reduce the burden of timesing and squaring as well as checking of this two steps (Hamid and Chong, n.d.). BQ production involves a long and tedious process. Nigel (1978) has listed out eight major steps in producing a BQ as below: Measurement of Quantities Timesing and Squaring Checking of Timesing and Squaring Abstracting Checking of Abstracting Preparation and Checking of Draft BQ Preparation of BQ and Checking Final BQ Tender Documents Preparation The phase of preparation of the tender documents is extremely important, as it determines the terms of the tender procedure as well as the terms for execution of the contract. Kovari (n.d.) noted that seven documents will be provided in tender documents preparation and the format of it can be saved into the memory of the computers as shown below: Advertisement for Bids (Notice to Contractors or Invitation to Bid) Draft Contract which included type of contract, general provisions or general conditions and special provisions or special provisions. Statements of Work, Services and Technical Specifications BQ Schedule of Execution Bidding Schedule Approved Drawings Project Cost Control Cost control starts at inception, when guide prices or indicative costs will be required through the stage when an early price estimate is prepared and the tender process undertaken by the contractors through the final completion and agreements of the final account for the project. The architect or engineer will want to consider alternative solutions that meet the clients overall aims and objectives during the various stages of design. The quantity surveyor will offer cost advice for the comparative design solutions of the alternative materials to be used and also advice on the cost implications of the design morphology and procurement. Cost control does not stop at tender stage but continues up to the agreement of the final account and the issue of the final certificate for the works. Hence, cash flow estimating software enables quantity surveyor record and calculates the date driven accurately and faster. It is also providing a better monitoring on the building process (Ashworth an d Hogg, eds, 2007). Valuation In practice, the contract normally is to be paid by employed a sum on account as the construction work proceeds. Before the Architect issuing a certificate, quantity surveyor has to prepare an interim valuation (Lian, 2009). Interim valuation can be carried out by using the BQ programme as database usually. The main items to be considered when valuing the words area as following: Preliminaries Main Contractors Works Variation Unfixed Materials and Goods Statutory Fees and Charges Nominated Sub-Contractors Works Nominated Suppliers Goods Fluctuation in Costs of Labour, Materials Retention Final Account Preparation According to Ashworth and Hogg (eds, 2007), the majority of construction projects result in a final cost that is different to that agreed by the client and contractor at commencement of the construction works. The calculation and agreement of this final construction cost, the final account is usually of the utmost importance to both the employer and contractor. Therefore, parties to the contract need to ensure that the final account incorporates a fair valuation of the works carried out. Within lump sum contract arrangements the price agreed by the client at commencement will normally require adjustment for several matters including variations, provisional measurements, provisional sums, fluctuations, and claims. Thus, quantity application software will sort, store and analyse the capability and score the goal of time saving. 3.3 Case Studies of Measurement Software Available in Market Anything and everything can be computerised nowadays. It is inevitable that the complex task of measuring quantities off drawings or taking-off has now progressed into the digital realm. ICT is becoming a strategic asset for any organisation to deliver business improvement in the AEC industry. Hence, QS firms are encouraged to use the computer to perform traditional tasks. The following are some measurement software currently used in the market. 3.3.1 Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Microsoft Corporation is a software company based in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft is ranked 15th in the worlds top 500 companies and its operating software has driven 93% of the worlds desktop computers since 1991. Microsoft Office software encompassing a suite of e-mail, word-processing, spreadsheet and presentation tools dominates 90% of the market and brings in $9 billion annually as a third of the companys revenue (Corporate Watch UK, 2004). Graduate School (2010) stated that Microsoft Office Excel is a software application that offers three distinct processes for managing data such as spreadsheet, database or graphing. The primary feature, spreadsheet is a number crunching tool allowing for sophisticated calculations such as budgets, finances, inventories or any task that is numerically oriented. The database and graphing functions allow for selecting, retrieving, viewing and charting data that is contained within the spreadsheet mode. According Microsoft Corporation (2010), Microsoft Office Excel 2007 is a powerful and widely used tool that helps people analyses information to make more informed decisions. There are the top 10 ways in which Office Excel 2007 can help users create spreadsheets and analyse, share and manage information more effectively as shown below: Office Excel 2007 features the Microsoft Office Fluent user interface to help users find powerful tools when users need them. Import, organise and explore massive data sets within significantly expanded spreadsheets. Use the completely redesigned charting engine in Office Excel 2007 to communicate users analysis in professional-looking charts. Enjoy improve and powerful support for working with tables. Create and work with interactive PivotTable views with ease. See important trends and find exceptions in users data. Use office Excel 2007 and Excel Services to help share spreadsheets more securely with others. Help ensure users or users organisation work with the most current business information. Reduce the size of spreadsheets and improve damaged file recovery at the same time. Extend users business intelligence investments because Office Excel 2007 provides full support for Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services. 3.3.2 CATO Suite Causeway Technologies was established in 1998 to provide its customers throughout the United Kingdom with a range of competitive software products and services. It is a fast growing organisation currently employing in the region of 200 people and is the leading software developer for the construction industry. From feasibility through to final account, cost management professionals are faced with ever tighter deadlines in which to deliver accurate cost information (Causeway Technologies Ltd., 2008). The CATO Suite has been developed with the close participation of the profession and provides powerful support to the QS professional. The introduction of CATO Enterprise is an opportunity to implement a step change in their business processes effectively to provide their staff with a QS desktop. The creation of BQ and cost plans in a controlled environment providing information can be relied upon and used to build a database for future projects and importantly reports produced in a consistent manor for clients (Causeway Technologies Ltd., 2008). 14 types of modules of the CATO Suite provide an affordable solution that can be managed and adapted to company requirements are (Brochure of CATO Suite): CATO Full Contract CATO Management Contracts CATO Quickest CATO CADMeasure CATO Earthworks CATO Cost Planning CATO Cashflow CATO Document Register CATO Procurement CATO E-Tendering CATP Project Controls CATO Cost Management CATO Whole Life Costing CATO Rates CADMeasure is a multi-purpose measurement tool that enables users to measure from electronic drawings with unprecedented accuracy. It provides an easy to use CAD based on-screen professional measurement facility, ideal for all types of measurement from the most sophisticated 3-dimensional building object model to the simplest sketch (Brochure of CADMeasure). The features of CADMeasure are: Easy to use through familiar pull down menus, toolbars and dialogues. Local or network versions available with concurrent licensing. Access to all non-editing AutoCAD commands during measurement session. Comprehensive on-line help system. Full Audit trail with automatically annotated drawing record. Suitable for a range of different users including those involved with property, construction, manufacturing, medical and retail sectors. Ability to store and record complete measurement history in line with design changes. Dynamic link between measurement and drawing content. Available both as a standalone solution and for use with existing installations of AutoDesk products including AutoCAD, MAP 3D and Architectural Desktop. Drawing integrity retained. Improved measurement integrity via new XML file format. Supports remote software development for effective multi-user implementation and updates. 3.3.3 BinaLink Bina Link Solutions Sdn. Bhd. is a company formed by Malaysians who are familiar with local standards and procedures with the objective of providing IT solutions to the construction industry. The company founded by experienced personnel of the construction of the construction and IT industry. The company staffs have vast experience working in consultants and contractors environments. They involved themselves in the rapid advancement of computer development and usage in the construction industry in the last two decades. The development of the companys programme is carried out by dynamic and knowledgeable staffs that are conversant with the latest in IT (Bina Link Solutions Sdn. Bhd., 2006). According to brochure of BinaLink, there are 9 types of modules are: BinaLink BQ Module Binalink Tender Module Binalink CAD Measure Binalink Tender Comparison Module Binalink E-Tender Binalink Preliminaries Binalink Worksheets Binalink Progress Payment Module Binalink Final Account Module The BinaLink BQ Module is an exciting innovative system especially developed for use as a superior tool for the preparation of BQ and construction costing. It is developed by Malaysian experts on a familiar Microsoft Windows platform to suit a standalone or networking environment. In addition, it will be unique local working methods and cost effective system (Brochure of BinaLink). The key features of BinaLink BQ Module are: Standard BQ Libraries Mutiple Column BQ up to 3 columns Lump Sum Bills Project Summary Reports Direct Measurement Method 2 Dimensional Worksheet Measurement Formula Worksheet Measurement Rebar Worksheet Measurement Flagging Reports for Sub-total Quantities Resource Reports Built-up Rates with resources, price and resource databases Mark-up Reports Gross Floor Area Measurement for Elemental Cost Analysis CAD Measurement Facilities with Direct Linking to Worksheet (Optional) 3.3.4 Buildsoft Buildsoft is an Australian company with its head office in Sydney. Buildsoft was established in 1985 to develop and market computer software for the building and construction industry. The company staffed by an enthusiastic team with many years of practical experience in the building industry. In Australia, its products became the industry standard and now exported to 20 countries. The company have a select network of accredited overseas distributors and over 5000 worldwide users. Because of this, Universities and TAFE colleges in Australia as well as selected Universities throughout Asia and the United Kingdom are teaching its products as the accepted standard (Builsoft, 2009). Products available are: Offsider Estimating Global Estimating Subbies Comparison On-Screen/Digitizer Take-off Digitizer Board Scale-Link USB Maths Mate Buildsoft Global Estimating is an estimating programme that has been tailored for commercial use in the building and construction industry. BQ or detailed Estimates and Cost Plans will be produced. It designed primarily for use by commercial building contractors and professional quantity surveyors. It is also including features which allow it to be used in other industries where estimating is required. The main features of Buildsoft Global Estimating System are: BQ Composite Rates Libraries for Description Rates Tendering Function Multi-level Mark-up Function Estimating Functions Job Analysis Cost Analysis Quality Analysis Measurement Calculation Sheet Interim Valuation/Progress Claim Tender Comparison System SCP Module Buildsoft Take Off System (BTOS) CAD Measurement Module Buildsoft Online Tendering System (BOLTS) 3.3.5 WinQS Advanced Cost Engineering (AEC) Solutions cc was formed in June 1996. It is involved in the system design, the marketing and the support of the WinQS system which, over ten years has grown to be the most widely used QS system and had more than 3000 licensed systems installed in Southern Africa as well as internationally nowadays. The WinQS software is constantly being upgraded and new modules written to provide solutions for quantity surveyors and contractors. WinQS provides a complete QS system with on-screen take-off dimension, It provides an ease on pricing due to multiple sets of price may be stored for each project and be copied, multiplied and select for use in Bills production, estimating, valuation and others. The system features of WinQS will be shown in Table 3 (WinQS, n.d.). WinQS is a complete QS system for: The Production of BQ Documents The Production of Estimates Documents The Calculation of Monthly Valuations The Cost Analysis of a Project Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) 2000 Certificate Module Contract Price Adjustment Calculations Tender Analysis Financial Review Costs Reports Table 3: The system features of WinQS (WinQS, n.d.) 3.3.6 PriMus-DCF and PriMus REVOLUTION ACCA is the Italian leader in the Building Industry Software. ACCA is a reference point in the field now to covering an unparalleled range of solutions and distributing the programs which are the standard for the industry. Founded in 1989, ACCA grew rapidly thanks to its products, well-known for their usability and their strongly innovative inspiration. This company is ISO 9001:2008 quality management system certified. Therefore, the company structure will ensure to improve constantly the processes and activities meeting customers needs and satisfaction (ACCA software, n.d.). PriMus-DCF is the BQ software for working directly with Internet Explorer. It is more transparent, closer to your natural and ordinary way of working and thinking, and therefore easy to manage with the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) philosophy. The Document Computation Format (DCF) standard introduces a revolution in the building software world undertaking the basic data sharing concept. Users can easily transmit BQ and estimates documents and everything in users document will be contained in one unique file, no heavier database structures but just a small size compressed file. With PriMus-DCF, everybody can open a DCF document and work on it freely (ACCA software, n.d.). According to ACCA software (n.d.), PriMus REVOLUTION allows integrated development and processing of all estimating or project management documents, updated with the latest regulatory guidelines with the automatic generation of: BQ (forecasts, resulting costs, work variation surveys, final accounting, quantity estimates, requests for proposal, labour incidence estimate, etc.) Measurement Book Accounting Register Cost Summary Work Progress Statement Payment Certificate Steel Reinforcement Bars Requirements Book Price Lists Comparison Table (for work variation surveys, comparison of work progress statements, comparison of multiple design assumptions or proposals, etc.) Weekly Lists of Workers, Equipment and Costs Forms (completion of works, beginning of works, suspensions, resumptions, execution, etc.) History Management 3.4 Impacts of Measurement Software on Local Construction Industry According to the conducted survey of Lim and Ong (2008), the measurement software is still not widely use or fully utilised in measuring quantities for preparation of BQ or other extent usages in local construction industry although most of the companies have it. Based on the feedback from the survey, the common problems associated with measurement software are: The use of such software requires learning and remembering many procedures Lack of flexibility Need to train new staff to use the software Using measurement software to take-off quantity requires the taker-off to perform transferring of raw quantities from one software into another either digitally or manually to produce the quantities in the BQ format as compared to the manual method. Newer technology is being developed that allows seamless transfer of quantities from measurement software to the customised software for the preparation of BQ. However, not all measurement software has the complete package of measuring and BQ production software. Most of the companies which using the measurement software would need to spend money and time to train existing and new staff to use the software before it can be utilised efficiently. The need of training also indicates that the education of quantity surveyors has not focus on this skill, as it has never been required. Nevertheless, a change to the education curriculum is necessary to produce QS graduates that are skilled in using measurement software now. The survey also noted that it is difficult to check the measured quantities if the measurement is done by using measurement software if compared with the manual method. In fact, only staffs that are skilled in using it would be able to check the quantities easily. Besides, the survey also attempted to find out the advantages of measurement software as the following: Higher accuracy Ease in editing the measurement Increase speed of measurement Easy to measure Reduction of Workforce Most of the companies agreed that utilising measurement software in measurement of quantities produces high accuracy. Measurement of quantities directly from digital format drawings removes the need to reproduce drawings on paper. Wheeler (1992) stated that reproduction of drawing on paper will reduce the accuracy of the drawings and measurement scaled from paper will further erode the accuracy (cited by Lim and Ong, 2008). There is also eliminated to mistakes due to human error in reading the dimension off scale rule and recording the dimension on paper or spreadsheet file. Measurement software allows for easy digital editing of quantities measured. This is because it contained function such as block, entity area, copy, paste, delete and undo as any other software that facilitate the editing process. In addition, application of measurement software will increases the speed in measuring quantities as compared to manual method. This is due to the ability of the software to generate quantities. Memory of computer also enables a program of instruction saved and turns it into fully automatic, it then simplifying the works. Finally, workforce required to measure quantities could be reduced with the use of measurement software. Most QS firms have reduced the number of technical assistants specialising only in measurement of quantities in common practice. With the use of technology, the measurement work is now easier and faster but the skill needed has also evolved to a higher level consequently. 3.5 Summary This chapter is about the current application and features of measurement software and its impact on the construction industry. Due to many business processes are now almost completely computerised and the tendency is toward a greater computerisation of the remaining processes, there might be a market in the use of measurement software for QS to carry out the works such as measurement, taking-off, BQ production, etc. more efficiently and speedily. This research also found that Microsoft Office Excel 2007, CATO Suite, BinaLink, and Buildsoft are the common and popular measurement software have been used in local market. Although there are vary measurement software provided in the market and adopted in construction companies, this research found that QS appears to be one of the few professions that have not been profoundly transformed by the application of the technological advancement offered by digital revolution especially in a developing economy like Malaysia. The biggest impact of measuring software on QS practice had been on improving the speed and efficiency of professional services. Information flows in construction would increasingly be made electronically and a wide range of measurement, estimating and costing procedures also would be done through the use of software packages.

Is China A World Power?

A world power may be defined as a country, which has great political power, great military, great economy et cetera. The People's Republic of China may have completed some of these criteria itself but it may not be considered a world power as some of the small factors are holding them behind. China may be a big country with large population, which face inequality, corruption, social stability and the Chinese environment that is not very grand for the health and also with it limited supplies and energy. China claims that they are a communist state but they are just capitalist, under their current government. A lot of discrimination is there in the nation. Health for the Chinese isn't very pleasant either for the country lack proper medication care and doctors. China is a capitalist state under the â€Å"SOCIALIST REPUBLIC† government. This has made many things difficult in China such as Human rights, freedom and equality. The Chinese government are very tolerate people as they closed its door towards people, yet they declare an open door policy in the late 70's and 80's which is not true in all cases. The new Chinese settlers have created an alternate society: a Chinese apartheid which, denying Tibetans equal social and economic status in our own land, threatens to finally overwhelm and absorb us. † was quoted by the Dalai Lama in 1991. Groups who fought for political freedom to be heard were jailed without trial and have been forgotten imprisoned. Religious freedom is another problem in China, as religions don't get any freedom. All religions have to be within the communist party (they have to register within the government) and must be loyal to the Mainland. This have caused many affairs with some religion for example Catholicism who is led by the Pope in Rome, China doesn't allow that and they created the Chinese Patriotic Catholic- Association to replace Roman Catholic. Another unfair factor is that religious people aren't allowed to work with the government as they say being openly religious can affect the economy. Other rights that people should have are No child policy where people can have as many babies, so no girls are being abandoned, Labour rights, as people should not have small wages for long hour of work. China also has problems with the whole of African continent as they treated those Africans poorly during the 1990's and in 2005 it still happen as Manfred Nowak (human rights lawyer) visited China to observe the country. He complained the officials for not letting him interview people and say what he want to say, he also said the discrimination can be seen widespread. The economy of the PRC has increased so much during the past 10 years. Their economy is fourth largest in the world. The value of their Gross National Product was 2. 3 trillion in 2006, which is extremely high, but there's one thing we shouldn't be forgetting; they also have the largest population, which average the GDP per capita to roughly i1,000 whilst it's around i25,000 in countries like Ireland, Switzerland and Denmark. As economy in China is rapidly increasing, it's also facing labour shortage, wages demand and less service. Workers are quitting agricultural jobs to get industry job. The wages of worker have been raised to an average of i 55 a month but as Industry increase, pollution increases. China emits 19% of the world CO2 emissions that is a real shame. The Kyoto Protocol does not require China to reduce its emission, as their status is â€Å"Developing Country â€Å"not† Developed. A world health organisation reported that seven out of the ten most polluted are in China. 30% of acid rain falls on the country. It is estimated that 7% of the GDP per annum must be spend to control the environmental problem so far only 1% is spent on this trouble; this show China's lack of environmental concern. Main economic area for China is it's eastern coast where most of their economy rely. This also create another problem, the equality of income isn't same throughout China as it should be, City such as irimqi, Piking, Shanghai, Canton, Shenzhen et cetera receives most of the high income when city such as Lanzhou, Lhasa et cetera receives a lot lesser. Health of the Chinese can be considered as very poor at the moment that they were ranked 144 out of 191 by The World Health Report. The life expectancy for China s of 2006 is 73, this have been a huge improvement since 1950 when it was 32 but can still be considered low compared to countries like Sweden, Switzerland and Japan whose expectancy is over 80. Their infant mortality currently is 23 per thousand people, which aren't very bad compared to others for example Singapore and Japan (2). Health Development Index of the PRC is medium as it stood at 0. 768 as of 2007. As Chinese economy has grown rapidly, health problems also have. Some of the problems they face now are Air pollution (this killed 760,000 people per annum alone), cigarette smokers is also another problem as the number increases each year and Urban youngster can also be overweight as Chinese at average take in 2,940 calories a day (25% more than what Food and Agriculture Organisation suggested). China lacks doctors, 680 people per one doctor doesn't sound too bad but they still need more doctors so that those with sickness could be attended and cared for more. Schizophrenia are suffered 7. 8 million Chinese and only 60% is being cared for properly. Male also outnumber female in China as they have the superstition of boys are better than girls, this leaves hundred of thousands baby girls orphaned. 2. 3 million is the number of the People's Liberation Army, the largest force in the world plus it's 500,000-reserve force. The number have actually decreased from 4 million from 1980 compared to another emerging super power such as India who has an armed force of 1. 3 million from 500,000 in 1960s. Military personnel should not be all that counts but reserves should also be taken into account, China has a reserve force of five hundred thousand compared to Taiwan which has 1. 5 million. The result from 1980 is that their army have decreased twice the number from 1980 (from 120 divisions to 60). The spending on military have also decreased. China can defend itself from foreign occupation and remain a regional status-quo power, but it is not a rising or threatening power† James H. Nolt, 2006 Chinese military use to create it's own weapons but this stopped in 1980's when their weapons were made of the very worst quality and workmanship. An Incident occurred when it sold Thailand and Burma what they claimed to be â€Å"A NEWLY MADE CHINESE FRIGATES† after the delivery both discovered that the vessels were purely rubbish that can't float properly. The Thais later demanded they give them a new one with an empty hull, as they'll modernise it themselves. After all the Chinese military doesn't seemed to be very strong as it's viewed. Professor James H. Nolt even says it can't even beat those of Vietnam, Taiwan or India. Their possession of nuclear weapons may fill them in for the nuclear criterion. They have never launched one before and stated it themselves that they will never use it, this have put them off for being a nation with nuclear power. Resources that China lacks can be a huge problem. It produces 6. tonnes of oil equivalent per capita and it consumes 7. 3, this is a huge problem they found a way to dealt with the way which is not very reliable. In 2004 Wen Jinbao the prime minister offered Russia almost i 6,000,000,000 for energy purchase. China therefore rely on Russia for energy, Russia could use this as a weapon and they did but not to China, In 2005 Vladimir Putin cut off energy supply to Ukraine as it wants higher price for energy. Russia may not be very reliable for this source either. Some of the other things they lack off may be public transportation where there s an average of 2 buses per one thousand people. Some of the children in China still lack education, as 10% of the children under age 15 are literate. With all these weaknesses revealed, does China fit in the definition of â€Å"World Power†: The answer is resounding no. Not now or anywhere in the future like others who say China will someday be a world power. Their current government won't last longer than 30 years, when they collapse the idea of China being a world power will start to fade away and a more favourable China would be reality.